The Constitution itself is the Republic of India. It is the supreme law of India. But there has been a long process behind its formation. At the same time, there have been contributions of some important people without whom it was almost impossible to make a constitution. Important events have taken place during this period. Today we will tell you the glory story of our Constitution in a nutshell.
In 1600 AD, the English came to India through the East India Company. In the beginning, the British were confined to commercial business. But later, the British captured the rights of revenue and civil justice of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa in 1775. Finally, after the military rebellion of 1857, the British devil officially took over the rule of India. And from then on, the real freedom struggle for our country started.
Story Of Republic Day
After a long struggle, the atmosphere of Poorna Swaraj was created in the country. Mahatma Gandhi first mentioned the Constituent Assembly in India in 1922 after the India Act 1919 came into force. In August 1928, a committee was formed under the chairmanship of Motilal Nehru to lay down the principles of the Indian Constitution. The report made in it became famous as the Nehru Report. Then, on Mrs Annie Besant's initiative, the Commonwealth of India built in came into existence in 1925. After that, in 1929, the Indian National Congress decided to achieve Purna Swaraj in the Lahore session. Even after this, the British Government kept maintaining its power and influence through negotiations. In 1934, the Congress Working Committee demanded the preparation of a constitution by the Constituent Assembly elected based on adult suffrage.
In 1938, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru announced that the Constitution of independent India would be framed by a Constituent Assembly elected based on adult suffrage. It was also announced that there would be no outside interference in this.
The British Government accepted this demand in 1940. It is known as the August Offer. At this time, there was an atmosphere of World War II. There was a lot of pressure from the Indian national movement on British rule. In 1942, Sir Stafford Cripps, the cabinet minister of the British Government, and his companions came to India with a proposal for the draft of an independent constitution of India. The Muslim League rejected Cripps' proposal. The Muslim League was demanding the division of India into two autonomous parts.
Constituent Assembly
Finally, in 1946, the British Government sent a three-member cabinet mission to India. The Cabinet Mission rejected the proposals of two Constituent Assembly of the Muslim League. Eventually, under the suggestion of the Cabinet Mission Plan, elections were held between July and August 1946 for the 296 seats allotted to British India out of a total of 369 seats in the Constituent Assembly. The Indian National Congress got 208 seats, and the Muslim League 73 and smaller groups and independent members got 15 seats. Separately 93 seats were allocated for the princely states. But he decided to put himself out there and didn't get filled seats.
The Constituent Assembly was formed in November 1946. The first meeting of the Constituent Assembly was held on 9 December 1946. The Muslim League boycotted the meeting, demanding a separate Pakistan. So a total of 211 members participated in the first meeting. The eldest state member of the assembly, Dr Satchidanand Sinha, was elected as the temporary President of the assembly. Later Dr Rajendra Prasad was elected the President of the Sabha. Dr Harendra Kumar Mukherjee and Vidhi Krishnamachari were elected as the Deputy Speakers of the Sabha.
Pandit Nehru wrote the objectives of the Constituent Assembly in front of everyone for the first time. All parts of British India and the territories it desired to join were brought under the purview of the Union. The source of all rights and powers of sovereign India was made the people. Many things were declared like justice for all, social, economic and political freedom, security and respect, freedom of speech and expression, and freedom of movement and organization. This proposal was accepted unanimously.
To discuss the draft of the Constitution prepared by Benegal Narasimha Rao, the Constituent Assembly passed a resolution on 29 August 1947 and formed the Drafting Committee. Dr Bhimrao Ambedkar was elected as its President. Apart from Ambedkar, there were six more members on this committee. During this, some other important decisions of the Constituent Assembly were taken. India's membership in the Commonwealth was verified in May 1949. The national flag of India was adopted on 22 July 1947.
The Constitution was finally signed by the members of the Constituent Assembly on 24 January 1950. The national anthem and national song were also adopted on the same day. Not only this, on 24 January 1950, the Constituent Assembly elected Dr Rajendra Prasad as the first President of India. In this way, in 2 years, 11 months and 18 days, 11 major meetings of the Constituent Assembly and several sub-committees were held. There was a general discussion on the Constitution's final draft for 5 days, and on 26 November 1949, the Constitution was adopted unanimously. It was implemented on 26 January 1950 with a democratic government system.
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